2011年5月26日木曜日

English Grammar 英文法 (vocabulary 語彙)

adjective 形容詞
A part of speech that describes a noun or pronoun.
名詞や代名詞の特徴を述べる品詞
Adjectives are usually placed just before the words they qualify.
形容詞は一般にそれが限定する名詞の直前に置かれる

Adjective phrase: A group of words including an adjective and its complements or modifiers that functions as an adjective.
形容詞句:
形容詞とその補語または形容詞として機能する修飾語を含む単語のグループ

 adverb 副詞
A part of speech that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
動詞、形容詞または別の副詞を修飾する品詞
Adverbs usually answer such questions as “How?” “Where?” “When?” or “To what degree?”
副詞は一般に「どのように?」「どこ?」「いつ?」または「どのぐらい?」などの質問に答える
Adverb Phrase: An adverb in a phrase form: "Clinton ran with great speed."
副詞句:
句の形態の副詞: "Clinton ran with great speed."

Conjunction: The part of speech that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.
接続詞:
単語、節、句または文を結びつける働きをする品詞

Interjection: The part of speech that usually expresses emotion and is capable of standing alone: “Oh!” “Gee!” “Good grief!” “Ouch!”
間投詞:
一般に感情を表現する品詞。単独で使うことができる。 “Oh!” “Gee!” “Good grief!” “Ouch!”

noun 名詞
Noun: The part of speech that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
名詞:人、場所、物あるいは考えの名称。

Noun phrase: A phrase that functions syntactically as a noun, consisting of a noun and any modifiers.
名詞句:
統語法上、名詞として機能する句。名詞といくつかの修飾語から構成される

parts of speech品詞
Parts of speech: The classification of words according to their functions, including the noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection, and article.
品詞:その機能による言葉の分類。名詞、代名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞、前置詞、接続詞、間投詞、冠詞が含まれる

predicate述部
The predicate is the part of a sentence that shows what is being said about the subject.
述部は主語について述べていることを表す文の一部である
It includes the main verb and all its modifiers.
そこには本動詞とそのすべての修飾語が含まれる

preposition 前置詞
A part of speech that indicates the relationship, often spatial, of one word to another.
ある単語ともう一つの単語の関係、主に空間的な関係を示す
Some common prepositions are at, by, for, from, in, into, on, to, and with.
代表的な前置詞に atbyforfrominintoontowith がある.

 

pronoun代名詞
Pronoun: The part of speech that substitutes for nouns or noun phrases previously specified, or understood from the context.
代名詞:文脈から理解されるか、既出の名詞または名詞句の代用する品詞。


sentence structure 文の構造
Sentence structure is the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences.
文の構造は文における単語の文法的な配置である

subject主語
The subject is the performer of the action in a clause.
主語は文節における行為者である

verb 動詞
A word that represents an action or a state of being.
ある存在の行為または状態を表す単語
A verb is the essential part of the predicate of a sentence.動詞は文の述部の必須の部分である


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